Page 238 - English Grammar in Use

Unit although though even though
113 in spite of despite

A Study this example situation:
Last year Paul and Sarah had a holiday by the sea.
It rained a lot, but they had a good time.

You can say:
Although it rained a lot, they had a good time.
(= It rained a lot, but they …)
or
In spite of ⎫
⎬ the rain, they had a good time.
Despite ⎭

B Aft er although we use a subject + verb:
Although it rained a lot, they had a good time.
I didn’t apply for the job although I had the necessary qualifications.
Compare the meaning of although and because:
We went out although it was raining heavily.
We didn’t go out because it was raining heavily.

C Aft er in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or -ing:
In spite of the rain, we had a good time.
She wasn’t well, but in spite of this she continued working.
In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.
I didn’t apply for the job in spite of having the necessary qualifications.
Despite is the same as in spite of. We say in spite of, but despite (without of):
She wasn’t well, but despite this she continued working. (not despite of this)
You can say ‘in spite of the fact (that) …’ and ‘despite the fact (that) …’ :
⎧ in spite of the fact (that) ⎧
I didn’t apply for the job ⎨ ⎨ I had the necessary qualifications.
⎩ despite the fact (that) ⎩
Compare in spite of and because of:
We went out in spite of the rain. (or … despite the rain.)
We didn’t go out because of the rain.

D Compare although and in spite of / despite:

Although the traffic was bad, ⎧ ⎨ we arrived on time. (not in spite of the traffic was bad)

In spite of the traffic, ⎩
⎧ although I was very tired.
I couldn’t sleep ⎨
⎩ despite being very tired. (not despite I was tired)
E though = although:
I didn’t apply for the job though I had the necessary qualifications.
In spoken English we often use though at the end of a sentence:

The house isn’t so nice. I like the garden though. (= but I like the garden)
I see them every day. I’ve never spoken to them though. (= but I’ve never spoken to them)
Even though (but not ‘even’ alone) is similar to although:
Even though I was really tired, I couldn’t sleep. (not even I was really tired)

226 even ➜ Unit 112