Page 56 - English Grammar in Use

Unit
22 will and shall 2

A We do not use will to say what somebody has already arranged or decided to do:
Lisa is working next week. (not Lisa will work)
Are you going to watch TV this evening? (not will you watch)
See Units 19–20.
We use will to say what we know or believe about the future (not what someone has already decided).
For example:
Kate has her driving test next week. Joe believes that Kate will pass
Chris and Joe are talking about it. Yes, she’s a good driver. the driving test.
She’ll pass easily.
He is predicting the future.
When we predict a future
Do you think happening or situation, we use
Kate will pass? will/won’t.

CHRIS JOE
Some more examples:
They’ve been away a long time. When they return, they’ll find a lot of changes here.
‘Where will you be this time next year?’ ‘I’ll be in Japan.’
That plate is hot. If you touch it, you’ll burn yourself.
Anna looks completely different now. You won’t recognise her.

When will you get your exam results?
Compare:
I think James is going to the party on Friday. (= I think he has already decided to go)
I think James will go to the party on Friday. (= I think he will decide to go)

B We often use will (’ll) with:
probably I’ll probably be home late tonight.
I’m sure Don’t worry about the exam. I’m sure you’ll pass.
I think Do you think Sarah will like the present we bought her?
I don’t think I don’t think the exam will be very difficult.

I wonder I wonder what will happen.
Aft er I hope, we generally use the present:
I hope Kate passes the driving test.
I hope it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

C Generally we use will to talk about the future, but sometimes we use will to talk about now:
Don’t phone Amy now. She’ll be busy. (= she’ll be busy now)

D Normally we use shall only with I and we. You can say:
I shall or I will (I’ll) we shall or we will (we’ll)
I shall be late this evening. (or I will be)
We shall probably go to France in June. (or We will probably go)
In spoken English we normally use I’ll and we’ll:
We’ll probably go to France.
The negative of shall is shall not or shan’t:
I shan’t be here tomorrow. (or I won’t be)
We do not normally use shall with he/she/it/you/they:
She will be very angry. (not She shall be)

will and shall 1 ➜ Unit 21 I will and I’m going to ➜ Unit 23 will be doing and will have done ➜ Unit 24
44 will have to ➜ Unit 31A The future ➜ Appendix 3 American English ➜ Appendix 7