Page 83 - Oxford_English_Grammar_Course_Basic_2015

past perfect It had already begun when we arrived.

1had seen you had seen he/she/it had seen etc
H had 1seen? had you seen? had he/she/it seen ? etc

B 1 had not seen you had not seen he/she/it had not seen etc

Contractions: I'd, you'd etc; hadn't

To make the past perfect, put had with the past participle (worked, seen, lost etc).
She didn't phone Alan because she'd lost his number. It was a film that I hadn't seen before.

^ Make past perfect sentences.

► I couldn't get in because I my keys. (forget Q)
► Anna wasn't at home. Where ..h?.^....................................she ..0?.^?:...................................[go H)

► The telephone wasn't working because we the bill. (pay B)

1 The woman told me that she...............................................in China a few years before. (work Q)
2 Everything in the garden was brown because i t ..............................................[rain B)
3 The bathroom was full of water. What..............................................[happen H)
4 I knew I .............................................. that man somewhere before, [see H)
5 We were surprised to see Mark, because w e...............................................his letter, [get fl)
6 After three days the dogs came back home. Where..............................................[be H )
7 They gave me some money back because I .............................................. too much, [pay O)

8 There was nothing in the fridge. I could see that Peter.............................................. the shopping, [do

We use the past perfect when we are already talking about the past, and want to talk about an earlier
past time.
Our train was late, and we ran to the cinema. But the film had already begun.

EARLIER PAST PAST NOW

I got out of the car and went into the school. It was empty. Everybody had gone home.
I was glad that I had caught the early bus. Anna wondered if anyone had told Jim.
We couldn't understand why Sue hadn't locked the door.

^ Circle the correct answers.

► I didn't recognise)/hadn't recognised Helen, because she cut /(had cut her hair very short.
1 No one understood / had understood how the cat got / had got into the car.
2 Joe didn't play / hadn't played in the game on Saturday because he hurt / had hurt his arm.
3 When I looked / had looked in all my pockets for my keys, I started / had started to get very worried.
4 Liz never travelled / had never travelled by train before she went / had gone to Europe.
5 I arrived / had arrived at the shop at 5.30, but it already closed / had already closed.

6 I didn't have / hadn't had much money after I paid / had paid all my bills last week.

68 PERFECT TENSES